2011.17 - CRTER NRR BRM JCS SCIR TCT TCMC TOGT

2011.17

Publisher：yinlzxb Publish Time：Thursday, July 28, 2011
Source：NRR

Research and Reports

Estrogen intervention in microvascular morphology and choline acetyltransferase expression in rat hippocampal neurons in chronic cerebral ischemia*★
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1285-1290
Zhenjun Yang1, Hongwei Yan2, Guomin Zhang2, Zhihong Chen1, Jingfeng Xue1
Supported by: a grant by Hebei Provincial Education Ministry, No. Z200632*

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Research Highlights

This study established chronic cerebral ischemia model rats. The results revealed that estrogen improved microvasculature, upregulated choline acetyltransferase expression in hippocampal cholinergic neurons, and suppressed hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of chronic cerebral ischemic rats. These findings indicate that estrogen may improve the function of hippocampal cholinergic neurons.

Effect of propofol on the reactivity of acetylcholinesterase, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the hippocampus of aged rats after chronic cerebral ischemia*☆
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1291-1295
Gang Chen, Jiangbei Cao, Weidong Mi
Supported by: the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30571791*

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Research Highlights

The action of propofol on learning and memory in aging rats following cerebral ischemic injury may be related to the altered activities of γ-aminobutyric acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

Temporal and spatial distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 during development in the rat cortex and hippocampus*****☆
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1296-1300
Xinli Xiao1, Ming Hu1, Pengbo Yang1, Lin Zhang2, Xinlin Chen1, Yong Liu1
Supported by:?the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30500575*, 30770673*, 81070998*; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry*; Technology Plan of Shaanxi Province, No. 2009K01-80*

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Research Highlights

Using immunohistochemical analyses, this study demonstrates that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 has differential spatial and temporal expression patterns in the cortex and hippocampus of rats during the various developmental periods examined, ranging from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 60.

Impairment of cognitive function and reduced hippocampal cholinergic activity in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia*★
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1301-1305
Chunling Zhao1, Yan Chen1, Chunlai Zhang1, Linya Lü2, Qian Xu1
Supported by: a grant from Luzhou Medical College, No. 2009*

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Research Highlights

Rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia were observed to have necrotic hippocampal neurons, decreased hippocampal choline acetyl transferase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression, as well as cognitive impairment. These results demonstrate that necrosis of hippocampal neurons and decreased cholinergic activity may be involved in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment.

Techniques and Methods

Methylprednisolone intrathecal injections suppress neuronal apoptosis following acute spinal cord injury**☆
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1306-1312
Xinghua Song1, Jianjun Zhang1, Liwen Ding2, Li Cao1, Xiaoxiong Xu1, Hao Wen3
Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30560189*; the Grant from Innovation Group for Developing Chinese Herbs and New Drugs among University Talents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region*

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Research Highlights

This study demonstrates that methylprednisolone intrathecal injections reduce secondary damage-associated neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury, even when administered 24 hours later.

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Change in connection between corticospinal tract and Broca’s area during motor recovery in a patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage*●
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1313-1315
Hyeok Gyu Kwon, Sung Ho Jang
Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30560189*; the Grant from Innovation Group for Developing Chinese Herbs and New Drugs among University Talents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region*

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Research Highlights

The present study reported a patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage who showed a change in connection between injured corticospinal tract and Broca’s area during motor recovery in the dominant hemisphere by diffusion tensor tractography.

Regional cerebral blood flow imaging assessment of brain function reconstruction in elderly hemiplegia patients by body weight support treadmill training
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1316-1321
Wenqing Wang1, Yongping Liu2, Diqing Wang2, Yanshuang Li1, Jinglai Hao1, Hongwei Zhang1, Sheng Bi3, Changshui Weng3

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Research Highlights

Semi-quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow was conducted with single photon emission computed tomography. This study showed that body weight support treadmill training may improve cerebral blood flow at the ischemic locus and promote the recovery of walking capacity in elderly patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.

Reviews

Molecular mimicry and multiple sclerosis●
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1322-1333
Michael Namaka1, 2, Sabina Kapoor1, Leann Simms1, Christine Leong1, Amy Grossberndt1, Michael Prouta1, Emma Frost1, Farid Esfahani2, Andrew Gomori2, Michael R. Mulvey3

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Research Highlights

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the exact underlying mechanism leading to myelin destruction is unknown, the molecular mimicry theory is the most commonly acknowledged elucidation of MS pathology. Although various antigens have been associated with MS induction, this review presents studies focused on key bacterial and viral antigens that lead to the development of MS. The research specific to a molecular mimicry theory of MS via each implicated agent is weak; however, collectively the reports provide credible support for this theory. Given that homologous sequences are not required to lead to antigenic cross-reactivity, it is reasonable to conclude that certain viral and bacterial antigens with 5-10 similar amino acids in sequence can lead to self destruction of similar myelin sequences. Thus, this literature review has provided insight to further the understanding of the etiology of multiple sclerosis.

Is the neocortex a novel reservoir for adult mammalian neurogenesis?**★
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1334-1341
Mengqi Zhang1, Hui Wang2, Kun Xiong2
Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30900773*; the National University Basic Research Foundation of China, No. 2010QZZD022*

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Research Highlights

The current study investigated neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult mammals, including the distribution, morphology, fate, temporal and spatial origin of newly produced neurons, as well as the relevance and possible function of neurogenesis under various physiological and pathological conditions. We review and discuss various methods for studying neurogenesis, concluding that conflicting results appear to be the result of discrepancies in the methodology used to detect neurogenesis.

Case Reports

Hemispherectomy for symptomatic hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia-epilepsy A case report☆
Neural Regeneration Research 2011;6(17): 1342-1345
Yunqian Li1, Lichao Sun2, Hongmei Song2, Jiqing Qiu2

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Research Highlights

This report described a case of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome treated by anatomical hemispherectomy. Following operation, epileptic seizure did not occur in the absence of anti-epileptic drugs, and hemiplegia was not aggravated. The results indicated that the region of cortex controlling sensory and motor function had transferred.

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